Greenland, the world’s largest non-continental island, has long been a land of mystery and intrigue. Its presentation of vast icy landscapes, remote settlements, and rich Indigenous culture is now somehow finding its way into the global spotlight and not for good reasons. However, with a new international airport, direct flights from the United States, and a growing interest in its unique attractions that stand to disappear into a chaotic political maelstrom, Greenland is poised to become the next frontier for today’s adventure-seeking travelers who are worried about tomorrow.
So what makes this icy giant so captivating? From its civic structure to its natural wonders, here’s everything you need to know about traveling to — and inside — Greenland.
First of All, Where is Greenland?
Find this territory that is triple the size of the state of Texas in the North Atlantic across the Labrador Sea from Canada to the west, with Iceland off its eastern coast. Its nearest neighbor is Canada’s Ellesmere Island, just 16 miles to the north of Greenland, some 1,864 miles away from the U.S. capitol and just 500 miles from the North Pole. With 80 percent of its landmass covered in permanent snow, Greenland’s population is a mere 56,000, many located in its capital city of Nuuk along its Southwestern coast.
Why is Greenland is Making Headlines?
Greenland has recently captured the world’s attention for several reasons. In November 2024, the capital city of Nuuk unveiled a new international airport, marking a significant milestone in the island’s connectivity. This development has opened the door for direct flights from the United States, with United Airlines launching a twice-weekly seasonal service from Newark to Nuuk starting in June 2025. This direct route is a game-changer for tourism, reducing travel time from what was once an all-day journey to a mere four hours from the U.S. East Coast.
Adding to that buzz, Greenland’s political landscape is evolving. The island, an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, is inching closer to full independence. Prime Minister Múte Egede’s 2025 New Year’s address hinted at a potential referendum on independence, which could coincide with parliamentary elections later this year. Meanwhile, Greenland has also found itself at the center of geopolitical discussions, with the current U.S. president expressing a piqued and very controversial interest in acquiring the island and adding it to a U.S. empire — a proposal firmly rejected by Greenlandic officials.
How Big is Greenland Really?
Greenland’s size is often misunderstood due to the distortions of Mercator projection maps, which exaggerate landmasses near the poles. While it appears larger than Africa or Australia on such maps, Greenland is significantly smaller in reality. However, it remains the world’s largest non-continental island, spanning 836,330 square miles. To put it in perspective, Greenland is roughly as tall north-to-south as the continental United States and would rank as the 12th largest country in the world if it were independent. With just 0.07 people per square mile, each resident could theoretically claim 15 square miles of land for themselves. This sparse population is concentrated along the coastlines, where colorful settlements dot a vast white, rocky and rugged landscape.
Greenland’s Political Journey
Greenland’s politics have been shaped by centuries of Nordic colonization. Viking explorer Erik the Red first settled the island in the 980s, naming it “Greenland” to attract settlers. It became a Danish territory in 1814 and gained greater autonomy in 1979, establishing its own parliament. In 2008, Greenlanders voted overwhelmingly for expanded self-rule, gaining control over areas like law enforcement and the coast guard. Today, the push for full independence is gaining momentum, with Prime Minister Egede advocating for the removal of “colonial-era shackles.”
Greenland Speaks
Greenlandic, an Inuit language, is the island’s sole official language, though Danish is still widely spoken, as is English. Greenlandic is a polysynthetic language, meaning complex ideas can be expressed in a single word. For example, the 85-letter word Nalunaarasuartaatiliorfissualioqatigiiffissualiulersaarsimagaluaraminngooraasiinngooq translates to “They have once again considered planning to start up a big consortium to construct a building to make radio stations.”
Visiting Greenland: Top Reasons
Greenland’s Natural Wonders
Greenland’s landscapes are nothing short of breathtaking. The Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a must-see. Here, towering icebergs calve from the Greenland Ice Sheet and float majestically through Disko Bay. Whale-watching is another highlight, with humpback, fin, and minke whales frequenting the coastlines from June to September. For the adventurous, the Arctic Circle Trail offers a 100-mile trek through pristine wilderness, while the Scoresby Sound fjord system on the east coast provides a dramatic backdrop for expedition cruises, such as offered by Lindblad, Holland America and Quark Expeditions.
Time Tested Cultural Experiences
Greenland’s Indigenous Inuit culture is deeply intertwined with its environment. Traditional practices like dog sledding, ice fishing, and hunting remain integral to local life. Visitors can sample traditional delicacies such as mattak (whale skin and blubber) or join guided tours to learn about Inuit history and customs. The remote village of Ittoqqortoormiit, accessible only during the summer months, offers a glimpse into a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for centuries.
Greenland’s Assured Sightings for Northern Lights
Greenland is one of the best places on Earth to witness the aurora borealis. With minimal light pollution, the island’s dark winter skies provide a stunning canvas for nature’s most dazzling light show. Aurora-watching vacations are becoming increasingly popular, offering visitors the chance to experience this celestial phenomenon in a truly remote setting, igloos included.
Greenland: Get There
The opening of the new Nuuk International Airport (GOH) in 2024 has revolutionized travel to Greenland. Two additional airports in Ilulissat and Qaqortoq are set to open by 2026, further enhancing the destination’s accessibility. United Airlines’ direct flights from Newark (EWR) to Nuuk (GOH) starting in June and currently advertised as starting from $1,084 roundtrip, will make Greenland more accessible to American travelers. Air Greenland’s (GL) new route connecting Nuuk to Iqaluit (YFB) in Canada’s Nunavut territory has strengthened ties between Inuit communities.
Greenland: Getting Around
Consider this: Nuuk has only two stoplights and those are the only such lights on the whole island. Do not expect traffic jams. However, Greenland’s lack of roads means travel between settlements typically requires ferries, helicopters, small planes or snowmobiles. The Arctic Umiaq Line operates a coastal ferry service, offering a slower but scenic way to explore the island. For those short on time, domestic flights provide a quicker alternative, often involving small propeller planes or helicopters that offer stunning aerial views.
Sustainable Tourism in Greenland
No doubt about it. The Greenland ice sheet has been melting and cracking at an alarming rate. Researchers monitored the shape, size and distribution of cracks in the Greenland ice sheet between 2016 to 2021 to assess how crevasses are responding to global warming. Results revealed that fissures there grew by up to 25% during that five-year period, with crevasses in coastal regions showing the biggest increases. Meanwhile, Arctic shipping routes are burgeoning and making the region ever more passable to ships now. In fact, the number of unique ships entering the Arctic increased by 37% between 2013 and 2023, according to the intergovernmental Arctic Council.
As Greenland prepares for a potential tourism boom, efforts are underway to ensure sustainable growth. The Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO) has established strict guidelines to minimize environmental impact and respect Indigenous cultures. These include limits on drone usage, protocols for polar bear encounters, and measures to protect fragile cultural heritage sites. By prioritizing sustainability, Greenland aims to avoid the pitfalls of overtourism while creating economic opportunities for local communities.
When to Visit Greenland
The best time to visit depends on interests, of course. Summer (June to September) offers endless daylight, ideal for hiking, whale-watching, polar bear viewing and exploring the island’s vibrant coastal towns. Winter (November to March) is perfect for snow activities like dog sledding and Northern Lights viewing. Spring (February to April) provides a balance, with lingering auroras and the gradual return of sunlight.
Summer temperatures stay in the balmy range of 40s Fahrenheit, while winter average temperatures range from 20°F in the south to -30 °F in the north. And while the southern part of the island sees a lot of rain (75 inches on average), precipitation runs around 2 inches per year in the north, making that region a polar desert.
Planning a Greenland Adventure
Now that you’re inspired to visit Greenland, it’s time to dive into the practicalities of planning your trip. From accommodations to activities, here’s a detailed guide to help you make the most of your journey to this Arctic paradise.
What to Do in Greenland
Greenland is a playground for adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers. Here are some must-do activities to add to your itinerary:
1. Explore the Ilulissat Icefjord
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Ilulissat Icefjord is a highlight of any trip to Greenland. Take a boat tour to get up close to the towering icebergs or hike the nearby trails for panoramic views.
2. Go Whale-Watching
From June to September, Greenland’s waters come alive with humpback, minke, and fin whales. Join a guided tour to witness these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.
3. Experience Dog Sledding
In winter, dog sledding is a quintessential Greenlandic experience. Glide across the snowy landscapes with a team of huskies, and learn about this traditional mode of transportation.
4. Hike the Arctic Circle Trail
This 100-mile trek between Kangerlussuaq and Sisimiut is a bucket-list adventure for hikers. Traverse pristine wilderness, cross rivers, and camp under the midnight sun.
5. Witness the Northern Lights
From September to April, Greenland’s dark skies offer some of the best aurora borealis viewing opportunities in the world. Head to remote areas for unobstructed views of this natural phenomenon.
6. Visit Inuit Communities
Immerse yourself in Greenland’s Indigenous culture by visiting small settlements like Ittoqqortoormiit or Qaqortoq. Learn about traditional practices, sample local cuisine, and connect with the friendly locals.
7. Take a Helicopter Tour
For a bird’s-eye view of Greenland’s stunning landscapes, book a helicopter tour. Fly over glaciers, fjords, and icebergs for a truly unforgettable experience.
8. Take a Bath
A surprising natural feature of the island – given its icy reputation – is its plethora of natural hot springs. Enjoy the steam from the thousands of toasty hot springs on Disko Island, near the popular Illulissat Icefjord. Or, for a relaxing soak, take in the mineral-rich geothermal waters on Uunartoq Island as majestic icebergs float by.
Where to Stay in Greenland
Accommodation options in Greenland are limited, especially outside major towns like Nuuk and Ilulissat. However, the island offers a range of lodging choices, from cozy guesthouses to modern hotels. Here are some recommendations:
Nuuk
Hotel Hans Egede: Located in the heart of Nuuk, this hotel offers comfortable rooms and easy access to the city’s attractions, including the Greenland National Museum.
Inuk Hostels: A budget-friendly option for travelers, this hostel provides basic amenities and a welcoming atmosphere.
Ilulissat
Hotel Arctic: Known for its stunning views of Disko Bay and icebergs, this upscale hotel offers a unique experience, including igloo-style accommodations.
Ilulissat Guesthouse: A more affordable option, this guesthouse provides a homey feel and is a great base for exploring the Ilulissat Icefjord.
Igloo Lodge: Stay in a real hand made snow igloo near the town. The lodge offers a variety of activities designed to immerse guests in the spectacular Arctic environment. As night falls, candles illuminate the cozy surrounds as the Northern Lights come out.
Greenland’s Remote Areas
For those venturing to smaller settlements, guesthouses and B&Bs are the best bet. Many of these are family-run and offer a chance to connect with locals. Options are limited; book well in advance.
Tips for Traveling in Greenland
- Book Early: Accommodations and tours fill up quickly, especially during peak seasons. Secure your bookings well in advance.
- Pack for the Weather: Greenland’s climate can be unpredictable. Bring layers, waterproof gear, and sturdy footwear.
- Respect Local Culture: Greenland’s Indigenous culture is deeply rooted in its environment. Be mindful of local customs and traditions.
- Budget Wisely: Greenland is an expensive destination. Plan your budget carefully, and consider prioritizing experiences over luxury.
- Stay Flexible: Weather conditions can disrupt travel plans. Build some flexibility into your itinerary to account for delays.
Finally, Greenland is a land of contrasts — vast yet intimate, remote yet increasingly accessible, a part of peaceful Denmark that may soon be forcibly annexed by the United States for its mineral wealth and strategic shipping and military advantages. Its dramatic landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and evolving political landscape make it a destination like no other. As the world’s largest island steps into the limelight, now is the time to experience its wonders before things change, weather through geopolitical maneuverings or climate change. Whether it’s the allure of icebergs, the thrill of Arctic adventures, or the chance to witness a culture in transition, Greenland promises an unforgettable journey — a magic gem of the Arctic.
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